Cathy O'Neil

Cathy O'Neil
Umumiy maʼlumotlar
Tavalludi	1972 AQSh
Qardosh loyihalar
Vikipediyadagi maqola Vikimaʼlumotlar sahifasi Vikiombordagi tasvirlar

Catherine ("Cathy") Helen O'Neil (1972-yilda tugʻilgan) — amerikalik matematik, data scientist va muallif. OʻNeil 1993-yilda Matematika boʻyicha ayollar uyushmasining Elis T. Shafer mukofotiga sazovor boʻlgan, shuningdek, 2019-yilda oʻzining „Weapons of Math Destruction.“ kitobi uchun Mathematical Association of Americaning Eyler kitob mukofotini qoʻlga kiritgan.

Iqtiboslar

Oxir-oqibat, men Kolumbiya universiteti bilan birlashgan matematika boʻlimiga ega boʻlgan Barnard kollejida dotsent boʻlib ishlay boshladim. Soʻngra hayotimda katta oʻzgarish qildim: ishimdan boʻshadim va yetakchi xedj-fond boʻlmish D. E. Shaw kompaniyasiga miqdoriy tahlilchi (kvant) sifatida ishga kirdim. Akademik sohani moliya uchun tark etar ekanman, matematikani mavhum nazariyadan amaliyotga koʻchirdim. Biz raqamlar ustida bajargan amallar bir hisobdan ikkinchisiga oʻtayotgan trillionlab dollarlarga aylanar edi. Avvaliga yangi laboratoriyam — jahon iqtisodiyotida ishlashdan hayajonda va hayratda edim. Ammo 2008-yilning kuzida, u yerda bir yildan sal koʻproq ishlaganimdan soʻng, hamma narsa parokanda boʻldi. Inqiroz shuni yaqqol koʻrsatdiki, bir paytlar mening panohim boʻlgan matematika endi muammolarga nafaqat chuqur aralashgan, balki ularning koʻpiga olov purkayotgan edi. Uy-joy inqirozi, yirik moliya institutlarining tanazzuli, ishsizlikning oʻsishi — bularning barchasiga „sehrli formulalar“ni qoʻllagan matematiklar koʻmaklashgan va sababchi boʻlgan edi.

Eventually, I became a tenure-track professor at Barnard, which had a combined math department with Columbia University. And then I made a big change. I quit my job and went to work as a quant for D. E. Shaw, a leading hedge fund. In leaving academia for finance, I carried mathematics from abstract theory into practice. The operations we performed on numbers translated into trillions of dollars sloshing from one account to another. At first I was excited and amazed by working in this new laboratory, the global economy. But in the autumn of 2008, after I'd been there for a bit more than a year, it came crashing down. The crash made it all too clear that mathematics, once my refuge, was not only deeply entangled in the problems but also fueling many of them. The housing crisis, the collapse of major financial institutions, the rise of unemployment—all had been aided and abetted by mathematicians wielding magic formulas.

	...texno-utopiya shunday gʻoyaki, unga koʻra, mashinali oʻqitish vositalari, algoritmlar, masalan, Googlening oʻziyurar avtomobillariga yordam beruvchi texnologiyalar goʻyo hamma narsani xolis va adolatli qilayotgandek koʻrinadi; vaholanki, aslida biz aksariyat algoritmlarning „qopqogʻi ostida“ (ichida) nimalar boʻlayotganidan mutlaqo bexabarmiz.
	...techno utopia is this idea that the machine-learning tools, the algorithms, the things that help Google, like, have cars that drive themselves, that these tools are somehow making things objective and fair when, in fact, we really have no idea what's happening to most algorithms under the hood.

Sharmandalik mashinalari uchun sir-sinoatga burkangan, ogʻriqli va yechimi qiyin boʻlgan illatdan koʻra foydaliroq narsa yoʻq. Yolgʻon vaʼdalar yaxshi sotiladi va ular foyda bermagani sababli bozor hamisha chaqqon boʻlib qolaveradi. Aslida, muvaffaqiyatsizlik parhez biznesining markaziy nuqtasi boʻlib, Weight Watchers va Jenny Craig kabi gigantlarning daromadlarini taʼminlaydi. Ular uyatdan ezilgan, oʻzini yomon koʻradigan doimiy mijozlar oqimidan foyda koʻradilar. Weight Watchersʼning sobiq moliya direktori Richard Samber The Guardian nashriga bergan intervyusida mijozlarning 84 foizi parhezda muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchrab, yana kompaniyaga qaytib kelishini aytgan edi. „Sizning biznesingiz aynan shundan keladi“, degan edi u.

For shame machines, there is nothing more profitable than a painful and intractable scourge shrouded in mystery. False promises sell, and since they donʼt work, the market stays strong. Failure, in fact, is central to the dieting business model, fueling earnings for giants like Weight Watchers and Jenny Craig. They profit from a never-ending stream of shame-addled, self-loathing repeat customers. Weight Watchersʼ former chief financial officer, Richard Samber, told The Guardian that 84 percent of the customers failed in their diets and cycled back to the company. “Thatʼs where your business comes from,” he said.

Texnologik gigantlar klikbeyt (yolgʻon sarlavhali) sahifalar operatorlariga millionlab dollar toʻlab, butun dunyo boʻylab axborot ekotizimlarining tanazzulga uchrashini moliyalashtirmoqda. Sharmandalik — bu tizimli adolatsizlikni oʻsha adolatsizlik qurbonlariga qarshi burish uchun qudratli mexanizmdir. Kimdir: „Bu sening aybing“ (kambagʻallar yoki qaramlikdan aziyat chekuvchilar uchun) yoki „Bunga aqling yetmaydi“ (algoritmlar haqida) deyishi mumkin va bu „noloyiqlik“ tamgʻasi koʻpincha sharmandalik nishoniga aylangan odamlarni savol berishdan toʻxtatish uchun yetarli boʻladi.

The tech giants are paying millions of dollars to the operators of clickbait pages, bankrolling the deterioration of information ecosystems around the world. Shame is a potent mechanism to turn a systemic injustice against the targets of the injustice. Someone might say, “This is your fault” (for poor people or people with addictions), or “This is beyond you” (for algorithms), and that label of unworthiness often is sufficient to get the people targeted with that shame to stop asking questions.

Cathy O'Neil haqida iqtiboslar

O'Nil oʻzining „The Shame Machine“ nomli yangi kitobida sharmandalik real hayotdan tobora uzoqlashib borayotgan jamiyat tomonidan qanday qilib tovar va qurolga aylantirilganini tadqiq etadi. „Bizning hamma joyga yoyilgan, sharmandalikka asoslangan madaniy urushlarimizdan kim foyda koʻradi?“ — deya mulohaza yuritadi u. Va ulardan biron naf bormi?… …O'Nilning taʼkidlashicha, biz odamlarni internetda „Hester Prynne“ga aylantira boshlaganimizda, xavfli hududga qadam qoʻyamiz; bu jarayon Mark Zuckerbergni boyitishdan boshqa narsaga xizmat qiladi deb ishonish — shunchaki xomxayoldir.

In her new book, “The Shame Machine,” Cathy OʼNeil examines how shame has been both commodified and weaponized by a society that is increasingly estranged from real life. Who stands to profit from our ubiquitous shame-driven culture wars? she wonders. And is there anything to be gained from them?… …OʼNeil suggests that we enter treacherous waters when we start Hester Prynne-ing people online; it is a fantasy to believe that it does anything other than enrich Mark Zuckerberg.

U akademik matematikdan Uoll-strit „kvanti“ga (miqdoriy tahlilchisiga), soʻngra maʼlumotlar boʻyicha mutaxassisga aylandi; „Occupy Wall Street“ harakatida qatnashdi va yaqinda algoritmik audit kompaniyasiga asos soldi. U algoritmlarning hayotimizga taʼsirini cheklash tarafdori boʻlgan hamda algoritm hissiyotsiz mashina tomonidan amalga oshirilgani sababli tarafkashlik yoki adolatsizlikka yoʻl qoʻymaydi, degan tushunchaga qarshi chiqayotgan eng kuchli ovozlardan biridir.

She is an academic mathematician turned Wall Street quant turned data scientist who has been involved in Occupy Wall Street and recently started an algorithmic auditing company. She is one of the strongest voices speaking out for limiting the ways we allow algorithms to influence our lives and against the notion that an algorithm, because it is implemented by an unemotional machine, cannot perpetrate bias or injustice.