Kontent qismiga oʻtish

Helen S. Mitchell

Vikiiqtibosdan olingan
Helen S. Mitchell

Umumiy maʼlumotlar
Tavalludi 1895
Bridgeport
Vafoti 1984
Qardosh loyihalar

Helen Swift Mitchell (1895-yil 21-sentyabr — 1984-yil 12-dekabr) — amerikalik biokimyogar, fiziolog va nutritsiolog. U 70 dan ortiq maqolalarning muallifi/hammuallifi boʻlgan va 50 yildan ortiq vaqt davomida nashr etilgan va million nusxadan ortiq sotilgan „Nutrition in Health and Disease“ standart darsligining katta hammuallifi boʻlgan.

Iqtiboslar

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Avvalgi tadqiqotlar asosiy uglevod manbai sifatida laktoza bilan oziqlangan barcha kalamushlarning koʻzlarida katarakta oʻzgarishlari sodir boʻlishini koʻrsatdi. Boshqa uglevodlar bilan oʻtkazilgan sinovlarning salbiy natijalari bizni keyingi mantiqiy qadam sifatida galaktozani oʻrganishga undadi.
35% li galaktoza bilan oziqlangan toʻrtta kalamushda mos ravishda 12, 14, 14 va 37 kunda (oʻrtacha 19 kun) yetuk ikki tomonlama katarakta rivojlandi. Taqqoslash uchun, 70% li laktoza bilan oziqlangan 49 ta kalamushda yetuk ikki tomonlama kataraktaning rivojlanish muddati oʻrtacha 10 haftani tashkil etdi, bu esa galaktozaga nisbatan taxminan 4 baravar koʻproq vaqtdir. 70% li kraxmal bilan oziqlangan nazorat guruhida esa koʻz oʻzgarishlari kuzatilmadi[1].

 

A previous publication reported the occurrence of cataractous changes in the eyes of all rats fed on rations containing lactose as the chief source of carbohydrate. Negative results with other carbohydrates tested led to an investigation of galactose as the next logical step. This sugar was fed to young rats at 35% and 25% levels corresponding to the galactose available from the 70% and 50% lactose rations fed in previous experiments.
Four rats on the 35% galactose ration developed mature bilateral cataract in 12, 14, 14, and 37 days respectively (average 19 days), whereas those on the 25% galactose ration were somewhat more delayed. The average time for the development of mature bilateral cataract in 49 rats fed the 70% lactose ration was 10 weeks, approximately 4 times as long. Controls fed on the 70% starch ration showed no eye changes

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Oʻsish davridagi hatto kichik ozuqaviy yetishmovchiliklar ham toʻliq oʻsish salohiyatiga erishishga toʻsqinlik qilishi mumkin. Oʻsish salohiyati shunday narsaki, uni tezlashtirish yoki sekinlashtirish orqali bir xil yakuniy natijaga erishib boʻlmaydi. Leytchning fikriga koʻra, agar inson butun jarayon davomida oʻzining toʻliq salohiyatidan foydalanmasa, yakuniy rivojlanishga erisha olmaydi. Oxir-oqibat bir xil vaznga erishish mumkin, ammo ideal tana shakli va tarkibiga emas. Agar oʻsish surʼati yetarlicha sekinlashsa, voyaga yetgan organizm nafaqat kichik boʻlib qoladi, balki yetarli darajada rivojlanmaydi: bunda bosh hajmi normal yoki deyarli normal boʻlsa-da, tana qismi sezilarli darajada orqada qoladi va oyoqlar nisbatan kalta boʻladi[2].

 

.. Even minor nutritional limitations during the growing period may prevent full potential growth from being attained. ...
Growth potential is not a thing that can be speeded up and lowed down and still obtain the same end results. According to Leitch ..., if one does not use the full potential alI the way along, one does not achieve full development. The same ultimate weight may be reached but not the ideal shape and composition. If the rate of growth is sufficiently slowed down, the adult is not only smalI but under-developed with normal or nearly normal head size, moderately retarded trunk and relatively short legs.

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Unutmangki, 1920-yillarda "Tavsiya etilgan ozuqaviy meʼyorlar" (RDA) mavjud emas edi va har bir nutrisiolog bolalarning oqsilga boʻlgan ehtiyojini baholashda bir nechta tan olingan nufuzli manbalarga tayanishga majbur edi. 1923-yilda Lask kalamushlarning optimal oʻsishi uchun oqsil ehtiyoji umumiy kaloriyaning qariyb 15 foizini tashkil etishiga eʼtibor qaratdi. U buni goʻdakning oʻsishini taʼminlaydigan ona suti bilan qiyosladi, zero ona sutida kaloriyaning atigi 7 foizi oqsil shaklida boʻladi. Shuningdek, u Osborn va Mendel avvalroq isbotlaganidek, hayvon oqsillari oʻsish uchun oʻsimlik oqsillariga qaraganda samaraliroq ekanini taʼkidladi[3].

 

Remember that there were no Recommended Dietary Allowances in the 1920's, and every nutritionist had to depend on a few recognized authorities for estimates of protein needs of children. In 1923, Lusk called attention ... to the protein needs for optimal growth in rats which he estimated to be about 15 per cent of the calories. He contrasted that with human milk which provides only 7 per cent of the calories in the form of protein, to provide for the growth of the infant. He also emphasized what Osborne and Mendel had demonstrated earlier that animal proteins were more efficient for growth than plant proteins.

Manbalar

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  1. (March 1935)"Cataract in Rats Fed on Galactose". Experimental Biology and Medicine 32 (6): 971–973. DOI:10.3181/00379727-32-7927. (quote from p. 971)
  2. (June 1962)"Nutrition in Relation to Stature". Journal of the American Dietetic Association 40 (6): 521–524. DOI:10.1016/S0002-8223(21)15915-2. (quote from p. 521)
  3. (March 1964)"Protein limitation and human growth". Journal of the American Dietetic Association 44 (3): 165–172. (quote from p. 165)